Quantum Optics UGA - WPMSQOP2

Objectif(s)

These lectures are aimed to provide building blocks to understand and model the elementary components of light (photons), light matter-interaction at the single photon level, and elements of quantum communication and information processing with single photons. It will be illustrated by examples from Atomic Physics and Solid State Physics (superconducting quantum circuits, semiconductor nanostructures).

Contenu(s)

Chapter 1: Quantification of the free electromagnetic field

• (rappel) Basics of electromagnetism (Maxwell equations, vector potential, plane waves)
• Quantification, analogy with the harmonic oscillator
• Photons (energy, momentum)
• Field representations (quadrature, Wigner function)
• Fock states (in particular vacuum state)
• Quasi-classical states, classical limit
• Squeezed states

Chapter 2: Atom-field interaction, Optical Bloch equations

• (rappel) Interaction Hamiltonian
• Spontaneous emission
• Classical Rabi oscillation
• (rappel) Density operator
• (rappel) Bloch sphere
• Optical Bloch equations
• Resonant fluorescence

Chapter 3: Cavity quantum electrodynamics

• Optical cavity (Q,V)
• Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian
• Weak coupling regime: Purcell effect
• Strong coupling regime: single-photon Rabi oscillation, Jaynes-Cummings ladder (non-linearity)
• Collective effects (superradiance)

Chapter 4: Correlations in multipartite systems, Single photon generation, quantum communication

• Entanglement, Bell’s inequalities
• Quantum cryptography, quantum teleportation
• Quantum repeaters, entanglement distribution, quantum networks

Chapter 5:

• Principles of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)
• State of the Art of QKD and future prospects
• Quantum Random Number Generation
• State of the Art Single Photon Counting for Quantum Communication

Quantum mechanics (M1 level)
Optics (M1 level)